More about Drug Shortages- Get Out Those Scarves and Teal Arm Bands

What if the government and private donations pumped money into the development of drugs to treat a deadly cancer but suddenly when distribution of the drugs became unprofitable the companies making them stopped production.  What happens to the war on cancer then?  Should we just accept that in a capitalist economy, profits determine who lives and who dies?

I have written in other posts that it appears to me that the current chemo shortages are disproportionately affecting ovarian cancer, which is primarily an older woman's disease. I was please to find this American Cancer Society article that confirms my position. Unfortunately the article skews the discussion a bit about what has caused the shortages by also quoting  a large pharmaceutal distributor (McKesson) saying essentially it's all the FDA's fault.  The spokesperson claims that FDA's increased scrutiny on manufacturing processes and quality control have made certain drugs too low in profits to sustain production of those drugs.  The article further states,"McKesson’s Chief Medical Officer Dr. Roy Beveridge, MD, says there is no economic incentive for manufacturers to make or distribute low-priced generic drugs, and that unless the baseline system changes, shortages are going to continue."

J&J Headquarters designed by IM Pei

Ben Venue Labs, the manufacturer of Doxil, a critical treatment for recurrent ovarian cancer, for a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, claims that the problem is not one profit. An 9/22/11 article in courier-journal.com by Laura Ungar states:

Jason Kurtz, spokesman for the Ohio-based third-party maker, Ben Venue Laboratories, would only say “we’re facing capacity constraints” with a drug that is complex to make. He wouldn’t specify what type of constraints, but said examples of such problems include unplanned downtime because of machinery breakdowns and capital-improvement projects that limit manufacturing capacity.

However, Ben Venue Labs wants out of the Doxil business (and other contract manufacturing) to focus more on its business as Bedford Labs, a producer of generic injectables, and avoid all the problems that have caused bans from Canada and Europe of Ben Venue products.  Like the WSJ said, it is all about manufacturing priorities. In the meantime, as Bedford Labs, the company has discontinued cisplatin and carboplatin and has significant shortages in production of Taxol. It appears to focus on commonly needed and presumably more profitable drugs such as those that treat migraine (generic Imitrix), indigestion (generic Zantac) and high blood pressure (generic Inderol).

With Ben Venue moving on to greener pastures, who will J&J find to manufacture Doxil and how hard will they try? Doxil reportedly represents less than 1% of Johnson & Johnson revenues.  A few of my ovarian cancer sisters on inspire.com bulletin board noted that J&J makes a lot of money marketing to women, and in particular in women's products.   Here's one list of products that J& J sells.  Perhaps J&J needs to be reminded that they need to focus on Doxil as well, and quickly.  

In addition,  there are all the generic drug companies that have discontinued or have serious shortage in chemo drugs  ovarian cancer patients need. For Taxol, they are APP, Bedford, Hospira, Sandoz and Teva.  For carboplatin, they are APP, Bedford, Sandoz and Teva.  For cisplatin, they are APP, Bedford and Teva.  And with Bedford, now out of the ovarian chemo business for the most part, more of the market power will consolidate in the handful of generic companies left, who will continue to make "allocation decisions" of their manufacturing capacity based on profit. 


What can we do? Big Pharma would have us believe that the causes are all very complicated--increased reliance on outsourced ingredients, Medicare price controls, increased demand from all those pesky cancer patients, complicated manufacturing processes and lack of inspection capacity from the FDA.  But we all know that it boils down to making sure that Big Pharma makes maximum profit, even when lives are at stake.  This is unacceptable in a civilized society.


In my previous posts, I have encouraged people to write to Congress.  A hearing was held on Friday September 23, 2011 in the House Energy and Commerce subcommittee on Health but the human voice of the affected cancer patient was sorely missing. We can continue to try to get our government to take some action in this area which they have been loath to regulate thus far.  Or we can take our message to the streets and protest at the offices of the companies who will not manufacture the drugs we need.  We could show up at J&J corporate offices (and the generic companies too) wearing scarves and teal arm bands, with our message that we are still here, we are still fighting and they have an obligation to get us the drugs that will keep us alive.  Who's up for a road trip to New Brunswick, New Jersey?

Awareness is Good; Treatment is Essential

President Obama proclaimed that September is Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month.  He acknowledged that ovarian cancer is still one of our deadliest diseases saying:

Ovarian cancer continues to have one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer, and it is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States. This month, we remember the mothers, sisters, and daughters we have lost to ovarian cancer, and we extend our support to those living with this disease. We also reaffirm our commitment to raising awareness about ovarian cancer, and to advancing our screening and treatment capabilities for the thousands of American women who will be diagnosed this year.

For those of us living (and hopefully not dying) with ovarian cancer, the lack of recognition for this disease is all too palpable and manifests itself in subtle ways.  For example, the current drug shortages seem to affect ovarian cancer disproportionately.  Not only is Doxil, a key treatment for recurrence of ovarian cancer, currently not available for most women who need it, the mainstay chemotherapies for ovarian cancer--cisplatin, carboplatin and taxol (placitaxel) are also in shortage.  See also the FDA report on shortages here. Some of these drugs are also used to treat breast cancer, also a woman's disease.

I cannot emphasize how important these three mainstay drugs are for ovarian cancer.  They pushed me into a year long remission after I was treated with them for five months in early 2010.  I am only getting carboplatin now to treat a recurrence and it seems to be working so far given that my CA125 numbers have dropped significantly.  I would not be exaggerating to say that I would likely be dead  if those drugs were not available to me in 2010.  It is amazing to me that shortages of such critical drugs are not being addressed at the same time the President is calling for "advancing . . . treatment capabilities" for ovarian cancer.  Yes, we need research for new drugs but we also need access to the drugs that work now to put ovarian cancer into remission.

There have been several good press reports about the drug shortages but unfortunately everyone of them focused on men with cancer rather than the impact of these shortages on women's cancers.  Gardiner Harris' New York Times article  was the best of the bunch by discussing both an ovarian cancer patient who could not get Doxil and a breast cancer patient concerned about the Taxol shortage.  However, the person who was shown in the picture accompanying the article was a man with colorectal cancer.  To the Point interviewed Gardiner Harris, a representative of the generic drug trade association and Senator Klobucher but included as the "cancer patient" experiencing problems with shortages a man with cancer in remission!  And the PBS News Hour coverage of the drug shortage also featured a 55 year old man with acute myeloid leukemia who luckily was in remission despite the shortage of the drug used to treat his type of cancer.

Is it a coincidence that the drug shortage story is told in the press by chronicling its effects on men?  My own view is that the story is more compelling when it affects men than when it is shown to be disproportionally affecting women's cancers--particularly cancer affecting mostly older women who are beyond child bearing age.  The men in these stories are all professionals whose careers are interrupted.  The women are shown as crying about the situation.  It is bad enough that we women have to suffer these shortages but to also be shortchanged by mainstream media in what appears to be not so subtle sexism is beyond comprehension.

The public needs to be made more aware that the drug shortages exist and affect women's cancers in a significant way.  One suggestion I have is to contact the White House to make them aware during this month of ovarian cancer awareness that treatments for ovarian cancer are in critical shortage.  You can write to the White House here with the message that while awareness of ovarian cancer is good, it is essential that these drug shortages end so that women with ovarian cancer can get the critical chemotherapy drugs used for mainline treatment.

ADDENDUM (9/14/11):  I have just learned after some research that cervical cancer is also disproportionately affected by these shortages.  The common drugs used to treat cervical cancer are cisplatin, carboplatin, taxol (placitaxel) and fluorouracil, 5-FU  which are all in shortage.  Fluorouracil is also used to treat colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer, which are obviously gender neutral cancers.  And do not forget that Taxol is one of the mainstay treatments for breast cancer which is diagnosed in about 230,000 women per year in the U.S. with 2.5 million survivors.

ADDENDUM 2 (9/15/11)  Endometrial cancer is also disproportionately affected by the shortages because its mainline chemo treatments are carboplatin, Taxol, doxorubicin and cisplatin, all of which are in short supply.  Unfortunately, another cancer whose treatment is seriously affected is testicular cancer, for which 3 of 4 mainline chemo treatments (Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin) have shortages.  Prostate cancer, on the other hand, (the most common men's cancer) is typically not treated by chemo and when it is, fortunately for those patients, the chemos used (e.g. docetaxel) do not seem to be in shortage.  Here are links to contact Congress about pending legislation re the drug shortages.
http://www.opencongress.org/bill/112-h2245/text
http://www.opencongress.org/bill/112-s296/show

THE REAL DEATH PANELS?

Nexium everywhere but no capacity for Doxil

Critics of health care reform warned the government would set up "death panels" if the law was enacted.  That hasn't happened, but such panels do exist, thanks to the actions of Big Pharma. Today pharmaceutical companies are choosing who will live and die when they decide not to manufacture drugs needed by cancer patients - like me - who are at risk of premature death.

There is a nationwide shortage of Doxil, a chemotherapy drug used to treat recurrent ovarian cancer, among other cancers. I learned about the shortage from my oncologist in July when he said that the best treatment for me was Doxil in combination with carboplatinum for my now recurrent ovarian cancer, but I would have to start without Doxil.  New supplies were not expected until mid or late August.

The drug is distributed by Janssen Products, LP, a Johnson & Johnson company, and manufactured by Ben Venue Laboratories in Bedford, Ohio, a unit of Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH of Germany. Ben Venue’s representative explained that the company is facing "manufacturing capacity constraints" that have held up some products, and it is working diligently to prioritize and expedite manufacturing for current orders." (WSJ 7/21/11)  I wonder if  the priorities are set because of the lower financial return Doxil brings or the fact that it is a woman's disease that Doxil mostly treats.

I learned from an online board that women around the country were scrambling to places remote from their regular treatment centers to get the precious Doxil before it runs out.  One woman said a small supply was available in Texas; another thought some could be had in Boston. It turns out that by early August, none was available in the United States.  One person has gone to Paris to finish her Doxil treatment.

Shockingly, Doxil is only one of many drugs in shortage in the United States.  Three other mainline chemotherapies for ovarian cancer, carboplatinum, cis-platin and taxol, as well as chemotherapy drugs for breast and colorectal cancer, are in short supply.  I learned from a new friend online that her clinic in Los Angeles has run out of taxol. Luckily, I get my infusions at Cedars Sinai Medical Center, which still
has a supply of these three drugs even though it does not have Doxil.

On August 18, 2011, Janssen issued its latest update on the Doxil shortage.  It announced that it had implemented its “new allocation process for a modest and limited supply of DOXIL®” and apparently all available Doxil has been distributed to certain patients whose physicians certified in writing that the patients were already on Doxil. There is now a waiting list that will be fulfilled as new supply eventually becomes available.  However, Janssen cautioned,   “As supply will remain intermittent in the coming months, Janssen Products, LP continues to recommend that no new patients be started on DOXIL®.”

So, the original announcement that Doxil would be available again by late August proved to be inaccurate.  Doxil is available again only for special limited cases, which unfortunately do not include me because I have not yet started treatment with Doxil.

According to the American Society of Health System Pharmacists, drug shortages currently affect about 200 medications in the United States, including antibiotics. The FDA reports record shortages for 2010 and projects more record shortages for 2011.  But the FDA has no power to require drug manufacturers to explain why there are shortages and effectively must beg the manufacturers to keep it informed.

The only real reason for these shortages is the economics for Big Pharma., which makes more money from new drugs, antidepressants and potency pills than generic chemotherapy drugs.  Why make drugs for which you can only charge $3.00 per dose when you can force doctors because of shortages to prescribe new medications that cost $10,000 per dose.?

This all means I could go for an indeterminate time not getting the drug that my oncologist says best increases my odds for remission.  I am starting to feel the need to scramble myself.  For this grandmother,
the “allocation system” of who gets Doxil (and possibly the other drugs with shortages used to treat ovarian cancer) has made the drug companies the real death panels.

Senator Klobucher introduced S. 296, Preserving Access to Life-Saving Medications Act, which would require manufacturers to report shortages and reasons for the shortages to the FDA. A similar bill, HR 2245, has been introduced in the House. Both bills are still in committee.

While I support this legislation, it is unfortunately merely a band-aid over a gaping wound.  Drug companies need to become more accountable for their profit driven decisions about what drugs to produce.  My fellow cancer warriors and I cannot fight the good fight if the drugs aren't even available.